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ժҪ:��л��؅^(q��)�ѳɞ��л��о��ğ��c,��톖�}��ҕ.�Ե��Ͱ��л��؅^(q��)——�B�T�м��^(q��)��,ͨ�^��{��c��زɘӃɷN��,��ͬס�^(q��)��ͥ��a��,��ͨ�^��ڷ��,��Ȼ��,��϶ѷ�,��Ϸٟ��Լ��̎��4�N��̎��Ĝ��Қ��w�ŷ�,��팦��.�Y��:��л��؅^(q��)�ɻ��Ϳɶѷ��Ļ��д��;�r��c�ͳ��ס�^(q��)��p��c;С��(zh��n)�ͳǽ��ʵ�,��಼�O��Ҏ(gu��)��ُվ�c;�r��c�Ŀɶѷ��^��,��O��̎��C�򌢿ɶѷ��ռ��̎��;��ס�^(q��)��ע��к��ķ��ռ��c��ȫ̎��;��̎��̼�ŷſ��ڻ��̎��;��Ϸٟ��r��ĵ�̼�ŷ��,��̼�ŷſ��ڻ�϶ѷʻ��.

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1��(Introduction)

�ڿ��ٳ��л��c��I(y��)��p��,��к��l(xi��ng)��֮�g�໥�B͸,��Ӱl(f��)չ�đB(t��i)�ݷǳ��@,��ߵĽ��څģ��,�ڳ��߅��u�γ�һ�N��@�^��Ժ̈́ӑB(t��i)��ĵ��,��y(t��ng)�ĳ��l(xi��ng)��ԪՓ�ѽ��o��@�N��΄��M�Мʴ_ԏ�,��Ǉ��H��ЌW��˰��л��؅^(q��)�ĸ��(Iaquinta et al.,2000;Webster,2002)

��Y��^(q��)��ȳ��l(xi��ng)��û��s��e��Y��׃��,��a�I(y��)�c�͘I(y��)�Y��r��ˮƽ�ߵ��a�I(y��)�c�˿ڿ��g��۶ȵ͵��@��c(��ҵ�,2009;Makitaet al.,2010).��л��؅^(q��)�Ľ��L��Ѹ��л��,�҇��M��ٳ��л��A��֮��,ԓ�^(q��)��՝u�ɞ��аl(f��)չ��c�Լ��л��о��ğ��c(Ginsburg et al.,1991;Zhao et al.,2009;�S��P,2009).

��л��؅^(q��)չ�_�о��_��ԓ�^(q��)��ڳ��л��M��еİl(f��)չ��,ͨ�^��Ҏ(gu��)��c��,��Ԝp�ٻ��ڳ��л��^��п��ܳ��F(xi��n)�ĸ��Nؓ��Ӱ�.

Ŀǰ��⌦�ڰ��л��؅^(q��)��о��༯��Єeָ��wϵ(��G�õ�,2003),��ط��

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