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��ʯ��һ��о޴�ȱ��e��΢�׵��,��,��һֱ�Á��̎��Ⱦ���ؽ��,��ЙC��,����Ⱦ��ȡ��ʯ��ڳ��a(ch��n)�ز�ͬ��,��Һ��ʯԭ�V�Ԏ��з��ʯ,��ʯӢʯ�ȸ��s�|(zh��)��Ӱ��˺��ʯ��,��,��ʯԭ�V�M�и��Ǆ��ڱ��еġ��о��,��Ŀǰ�ĸ��Է��ɷ֞��,��ԡ��ЙC��,��Ե�,��һ��Ժ��ʯֻ��̎��һ�M�֏Uˮ��S��I(y��)�İl(f��)չ,��Uˮ��ؽ��ٳɷ��s,��ˣ��о�һ�N�µķ��ʯ��Ը��,��ʹ��܉��Чȥ��Uˮ�ж�N�ؽ��,��

��Ĳ��ᡢ��ͬ�r��ʯ�M��(li��n)�ϸ��,��Cu2+,��Pb2+��Zn2+��ُUˮ��Ŀ��Ⱦ��,��Ŀ��Ǟ��ُUˮ̎��ṩһ�l��Ч��;��,��

1 ��򞲿��

1.1 ��Ҫԇ��Ͳ��

��ʯԭ�V��̶��A̼�ع�˾�ṩ��ʯ��20%,��仯�W�M��(�|(zh��)��ٷֱ�) ��: SiO2: 43.11%; Al2O3: 9.37%; MgO:10.15%; H2O-: 2.23%; CaO: 15.51%; �}��,��ˮ��~��U��\��ԇ��; ��ˮ��һ��sˮ,��

1.2 ��Ҫ�x��

��ԡ��ʎ��(ZD-85) ; pH Ӌ(PHS-3C) ; ԭ��շֹ��Ӌ(WFX-IF2B) ; ��ʽ��t(SX-12-16) ,��

1.3 ��Ժ��ʯ��Ƃ�

�ò�ͬ��ȵ�HCl ��Һ��30 ��½��ݺ��ʯ��ͬ�r�g��Һ�̱Ȟ�20��1,��,��ٽ�(j��ng)��ͬ�ضȱ��4 h��ĥ�^80 Ŀ�Y,��,��

1.4 �o�B(t��i)��

��ˮ��~��U,��\��sˮ��50 mg /L ��Cu2+,��Pb2+��Zn2+��ģ�M�Uˮ,��ͬ��ȵ��ˮ ��ģ�M�Uˮ�c��sˮ��,��ȡ50mL�Uˮ��250mL��F��ƿ�У��{(di��o)��(ji��)pHֵ,��ں�ؚ�ԡ��,��һ��Ժ��ʯ��ͬ�Č��Ҫ��,��׃��l��,��M��ʎ��(120 r /min) ��ȡ��Һ�y��ٝ��,��(j��)��ǰ��Һ�е��x�ӝ��Ӌ��:

�� = (C0-Ci)×100%/C0

ʽ��:��——��,��%

C0��Ci——��ʼ,��ĩ��x�ӵĝ��,��mg/L

2 �Y��cӑՓ

2.1 ��Ȍ�Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

�քe��0.4,��0.5��0.6,��0.7,��0.8��0.9,��1.0 mol /L ��ȵ�HCl��ʯ�M��,��M�П��ԡ��r�g120 min,��x�ӳ�ʼ��50 mg /L,��Ժ��ʯͶ��4 g /L,��pH ��7.0��ض�35 ��l��,��첻ͬ��Ȍ��Ժ��ʯ��Ч��Ӱ푣��Y��D1��ʾ,��

�D1 ��Ȍ�Cu2+,��Pb2+��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

�ɈD��֪,��Ȍ��ʯ��Ӱ��^��,��ȏ�0.4 mol /L ��0.9 mol /L �r��Ժ��ʯ��x�ӵ��Ҳ�S֮��,��Ȟ�0.9 mol /L �r,��@��͝���ڱ��ֺ��ʯ�ĽY��Y��ΑB(t��i)��׃��ǰ��,��ȥ��ʯ�V�Ĺ��s�|(zh��)��ʯ,��Ҳ��ʹ��Ǽ��V��Ó��M��ͨ��ʯ�Ŀ׵�[8],��ܵ��,��S��ȵ��ӣ��ʯ����Ч��Խ��,��Ǯ��^�ߕr,��^��ĹǼ��VÓ��^�࣬��׵�̮��,��Ķ��º��ʯ��D(zhu��n)��,��

2.2 ���r�g��Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

��0.9 mol /L ��HCl ��ʯ�M��10,��13��17,��20,��24��29,��36,��43 h ��ͬ�r�g��ԣ��M�П��,��r�g120 min,��pH ��7.0��x�ӳ�ʼ��50 mg /L,��Ժ��ʯͶ��4 g /L,��ض�35 ��l��£��첻ͬ���r�g��Ժ��ʯ��Ч��Ӱ푣��Y��D2 ��ʾ,��

�ɈD2 ��֪,��Ժ��ʯ��x�ӵ��S���r�g��Ӷ���r�g��29 h �r,��Ժ��ʯ��x�ӵ��_��ֵ,��Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+��ȥ��ʷքe��83.4%,��80.9%��78.8%,��@֮��Ժ��ʯ��½�,��@���r�g�^�L��ʹ��ʯ�Y��Y��⵽�Ɖģ��½�,��

�D2 ���r�g��Cu2+,��Pb2+��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

2.3 ��ضȌ�Cu2+,��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

��200��300,��400,��450��500 �治ͬ��ضȌ��ѽ�(j��ng)�^���ĺ��ʯ�M�П��,��r�g120 min,��x�ӳ�ʼ��50 mg /L��Ժ��ʯͶ��4 g /L,��pH ��7.0,��ض�35 ��l��£��첻ͬ��ضȌ��Ժ��ʯ��Ч��Ӱ�,��Y��D3 ��ʾ,��

�D3 ��ضȌ�Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

�ɈD3 ��֪,��S��ضȵ��󣬸��Ժ��ʯ��x�ӵ��Ҳ��u��,��ضȞ�450 ��r,��_��ֵ��֮��D(zhu��n)��,��@��麣��ʯ�ڵ͜�̎��A�΃�(n��i)��ˮ(��w�S�g��ˮ�Ϳ׵��(n��i)��ʯˮ) ��,��γ��µĻ��,��ʹSi-OH ��D(zhu��n)׃��Si-O ��w�Y��Ķ��U��˾��w�е�ͨ��,��ҽY��ܲ�׃,��ȱ��e��ӣ��,��,��ضȸ��450 ��r��ʯ�Y��a(ch��n)��ۯB��,��ɱ��e�pС��ߵĜضȕ�ʹ�w�Sճ�Y�;o�s,��׵��Ŀ׏��pС,��ʹ�ȱ��e��ͣ��S֮�½�,��

2.4 ��ʼpH ֵ��Cu2+,��Pb2+��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

��r�g120 min,��x�ӳ�ʼ��50 mg /L,��Ժ��ʯͶ��4 g /L��pH �քe��3.0,��5.0,��6.0��7.0,��8.0,��10.0��ض�35 ��l��,��ʼpH ֵ��Ժ��ʯ��Ч��Ӱ�,��Y��D4��ʾ��

�ɈD4 ��֪,��ؽ��x�ӵ�ȥ��S��pH ֵ��u��,��pH ֵ�_��7 �r��Ժ��ʯ��N��x�Ӷ��кܺõ��,��^��ʹ��Ч��,��@��鮔pH<5.0�r��Ě��x��ռ��(j��)�˺��ʯ�Ŀ�Ѩ,��ڽ��x��,��pH �^�ߕr��ˮ�wϵ�К��x�ӝ��,��ʹˮ�еĲ��ֽ��x��Cu2+,��Pb2+,��Zn2+�c��Y�ϣ��ɚ��,��˽��x��ȥ��Ч��,��Y��C��pH ��ڻ��7.0 �Ǹ��Ժ��ʯ��x��,��

�D4 ��ʼpH ֵ��Cu2+,��Pb2+��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

2.5 ��ʼ��Ȍ�Cu2+,��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

��r�g120 min��x�ӳ�ʼ��ȷքe��20,��30,��40��50,��60 mg /L,��Ժ��ʯͶ��4 g /L�� pH ��7.0,��ض�35 ��l��,��ʼ��Ȍ��Ժ��ʯ��Ч��Ӱ푣��Y��D5 ��ʾ,��

�ɈD5 ��֪,��S��ؽ��x�ӳ�ʼ��ȵ��ߣ�ȥ��ʳ��u�½��څ��,��@��ڸ��Ժ��ʯͶ��һ��r��,��ؽ��x�ӵ��޵ģ��ؽ��x�ӝ��ߕr,��ȥ��ʾ��,��⣬��Ժ��ʯ��ؽ��x�Ӻ�,��늺��c�ؽ��x��ͬ,��ˣ��_��һ��r,��ʯ�c�Uˮ�е��ؽ��֮�g�a(ch��n)��o��ų��,��Ķ�Ӱ��˸��Ժ��ʯ��ؽ��x�ӵ��

�D5 ��ʼ��Ȍ�Cu2+,��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

2.6 Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+�ڸ��Ժ��ʯ�ϵ��Ȝؾ�

��Ժ��ʯ��Cu2+,��Pb2+,��Zn2+��ͨ�^Freundlich�Ȝ�ʽ�M�ДM�ϡ��M�ϽY��Ҋ��1,��D6,��ɱ�1 ��֪��F(xi��n)reundlich��̌�Cu2+,��Pb2+,��Zn2+�M�ϵ�R2ֵ��ӽ��0.9��ܺܺ��Ժ��ʯ��x�ӵ��Ȝؾ�,��Freundlich ��1 /nֵ��Ժ��ʯ��x��õď��ָ��,��0.1< 1 /n<0.5��ʾ��M��,��ɱ�1 �ɿ��,��Ժ��ʯ��Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+��F(xi��n)��