�x�ӽ��Q��֬

��r(sh��)�g��2011-07-21 13:34 ��Դ�� : ��x��2246

ʲô��x�ӽ��Q��֬?

�x�ӽ��Q��֬��һ��x�ӽ��Q��ܵĸ߷��Ӳ��ϡ��Һ��܌��x��c��Һ�е�̖ͬ�x��M(j��n)�н��Q,��Q��F(tu��n)��|(zh��)�Ĳ�ͬ��x�ӽ��Q��֬�ɷ֞��x�ӽ��Q��֬��x�ӽ��Q��֬��,��

��x�ӽ��Q��֬�󶼺��л��—SO3H��,��Ȼ��—COOH��򱽷ӻ��—C6H4OH��Ի��F(tu��n)��еĚ��x��c��Һ�еĽ��x�ӻ��x��M(j��n)�н��Q,��籽��ϩ�Ͷ��ϩ��ĸ߾��｛(j��ng)�ǻ�̎��õ��(qi��ng)��x�ӽ��Q��֬��Y(ji��)��(g��u)ʽ�ɺ��α�ʾ��R—SO3H,��ʽ��R��֬ĸ�w,��佻�Qԭ��飺

2R—SO3H��Ca2�� R—SO3��2Ca��2H+

�@Ҳ��Ӳˮܛ��ԭ��

��x�ӽ��Q��֬��м��[-N��CH3��3OH],��—NH2��򁆰��—NR′H��ȉA�Ի��F(tu��n)��ˮ��OH-�x��,��c��N��x��𽻓Q��,��佻�Qԭ��

R—N��CH3��3OH��Cl- R—N��CH3��3Cl��OH-

��x�ӽ��Q��ǿ��,��^��x�ӽ��Q��֬һ��m��(d��ng)��ȵğo�C(j��)��A�M(j��n)��ϴ��,��ɻ֏�(f��)��ԭ��B(t��i)��؏�(f��)ʹ��,��@һ�^�̷Q��x�ӽ��Q��֬��ϡ�}��,��ϡ��Һ��ϴ,��x�ӽ��Q��֬��Ú��c��Һ̎��M(j��n)��,��

�x�ӽ��Q��֬��;�܏V��Ҫ��ڷ��x��ἃ,��Ӳˮܛ��ȡȥ�x��ˮ,��չ��I(y��)�Uˮ�еĽ��١��xϡ�н��ٺ��F��,��x��ἃ��صȡ�

�x�ӽ��Q��g(sh��)��ஔ(d��ng)�L�Ěvʷ,��ĳЩ��Ȼ��|(zh��)��ݷ�ʯ��ú��(j��ng)�^�ǻ��ƵõĻǻ�ú��x�ӽ��Q��,��ǣ��S��F(xi��n)��ЙC(j��)�ϳɹ��I(y��)��g(sh��)��Ѹ�ٰl(f��)չ,��о��Ƴ��S��N��܃�(y��u)��x�ӽ��Q��֬��_�l(f��)�˶�N�µđ�(y��ng)�÷��,��x�ӽ��Q��g(sh��)Ѹ�ٰl(f��)չ,��S��ИI(y��)�؄e�Ǹ��¿Ƽ��a(ch��n)�I(y��)�Ϳ��I(l��ng)��ЏV��(y��ng)�á��(n��i)��a(ch��n)�Ę�֬Ʒ�N�_(d��)��(sh��)�ٷN,��a(ch��n)��(sh��)ʮ�f��

�ڹ��I(y��)��(y��ng)��,��x�ӽ��Q��֬�ă�(y��u)�c(di��n)��Ҫ��̎��,��V,��ߣ��ܳ�ȥ��N��ͬ��x��,��Է��(f��)��ʹ�ã��L,��\(y��n)��M(f��i)��^��(�mȻһ��Ͷ��M(f��i)��^��)��x�ӽ��Q��֬��A(ch��)�Ķ�N�¼��g(sh��),��ɫ�V��x��,��x��ųⷨ��늝B��,��ߪ�(d��)�صĹ��ܣ��M(j��n)�и��N��Ĺ��,��y��,��x�ӽ��Q��g(sh��)��_�l(f��)�͑�(y��ng)��߀��Ѹ�ٰl(f��)չ֮�С�

�x�ӽ��Q��֬��ЙC(j��)�ϳɷ��Ƴ�,��õ�ԭ�Ϟ鱽��ϩ��ϩ��(��)��ͨ�^�ۺϷ��(y��ng)��ɾ��S��g��w�W(w��ng)�j(lu��)�Y(ji��)��(g��u)�ĹǼ�,��ڹǼ��ό�(d��o)�벻ͬ��͵Ļ��W(xu��)��Ի��F(tu��n)(ͨ��Ի�A�Ի��F(tu��n))��Ƴ�,��

�x�ӽ��Q��֬��ˮ��һ��܄��(sh��)�Ƴ��w��,��Ҳ��һЩ�Ƴ��w�S��۠��֬�w��ĳߴ�һ��0.3��1.2mm ��(n��i),��󲿷��0.4��0.6mm֮�g��^�ߵęC(j��)е��(qi��ng)��(��(ji��n)��),��W(xu��)��|(zh��)Ҳ�ܷ�(w��n)��r��^�L��ʹ�É��,��

�x�ӽ��Q��֬�к��һ�N(��׷N)��W(xu��)��Ի��F(tu��n),��ǽ��Q��܈F(tu��n)��ˮ��Һ��x��ĳЩ��x��(��h+��na+)��x��(��oh��cl��),��ͬ�r(sh��)��Һ��ԭ��е��x�ӻ��x��,��֬�е��x��c��Һ�е��x�ӻ��ཻ�Q��Ķ��Һ�е��x�ӷ��x��,��

��֬�л��W(xu��)��Ի��F(tu��n)�ķNQ��˘�֬��Ҫ��|(zh��)��e��ȅ^(q��)�֞��x�Ә�֬��x�Ә�֬�ɴ���ɷքe�c��Һ�е��x�Ӻ��x��M(j��n)��x�ӽ��Q,��x�Ә�֬�ַ֞鏊(qi��ng)��Ժ��ԃ��,��x�Ә�֬�ַ֞鏊(qi��ng)�A�Ժ��A�ԃ�� (��ٷֳ��Џ�(qi��ng)��Џ�(qi��ng)�A��)��

�x�ӽ��Q��֬��(j��)��w�ķN֞鱽��ϩϵ��֬�ͱ�ϩ��ϵ��֬,��(j��)��֬��Y(ji��)��(g��u)�֞��z�ͺʹ��͡�

�x�ӽ��Q��֬��Ʒ�N�ܶ�,��򻯌W(xu��)�M�ɺͽY(ji��)��(g��u)��ͬ��в�ͬ�Ĺ��ܺ��,��m��(y��ng)�ڲ�ͬ��;��(y��ng)�Ø�֬Ҫ��(j��)��ˇҪ��ϵ��|(zh��)�x��m��(d��ng)?sh��)��ͺ�Ʒ�N,��

����D(zhu��n)�d��ǳ��ڂ��f��Ϣ֮Ŀ��,��Ё�Դ��(bi��o)ע�e(cu��)�`��ַ��ĺϷ��(qu��n)�棬Ո��߳֙�(qu��n)��C��c��W(w��ng)(li��n)ϵ,��҂��r(sh��)��,��h��x�x,��